America's manufacturing industry is expected to add 3.8 million new jobs by 2033, but Gen Z won't be rushing to hand in their applications. The young workers are ditching corporate careers and turning to trade work like carpentry in their droves. However, they still aren't thrilled by the idea of working factory floors for rock-bottom salaries. President Trump's immigration policies won't help the problem.
預計到2033年，美國的製造業將增加380萬個新工作崗位，但Z世代不會急於提出他們的申請書。年輕的工人正在拋棄公司職業，並轉向像木工一樣的貿易工作。但是，他們對岩石底工資的工廠地板工作的想法仍然並不感到興奮。特朗普總統的移民政策將無濟於事。
Gen Z's interest in degree-less manufacturing jobs should be obvious—after all, they're already ditching cushy air-conditioned offices for blue-collar horizons. But they're choosing to sit this one out.
Z 世代對無學位製造業工作的興趣應該是顯而易見的——畢竟，他們已經放棄了舒適的空調辦公室，轉而選擇藍領。但他們選擇把這場比賽擱置一旁。
Gen Zers are steadily abandoning the college-to-corporate pipeline, opting for trade school and blue-collar jobs instead. They're suiting up as electricians, plumbers, and carpenters for six-figure salaries—but there's one thriving industry they're still turning their nose up at.
Zers世代正在穩步放棄大學與公司的管道，而是選擇行業學校和藍領工作。他們適合以電工，水管工和木匠的工作，把目標設在仍然是蓬勃發展的行業中，以求取六位數的工資。
Manufacturing is one of America's hottest growing professions, with 3.8 million new jobs expected to open up by 2033, according to research from Deloitte and the Manufacturing Institute.
根據德勤和製造研究所的研究，製造業是美國發展最熱門的職業之一，預計到2033年將開設380萬個新工作崗位。
Yet half of those roles are predicted to go unfilled. Just 14% of Gen Z say they'd consider industrial work as a career, according to a separate study from Soter Analytics.
然而，預計這些角色的一半被認為沒有。根據Soter Analytics的另一項研究，Z世代只有14％的人說，他們將工業工作視為職業。
Gen Z's interest in degree-less manufacturing jobs should be obvious—after all, they're already ditching cushy air-conditioned offices for blue-collar horizons. But they're choosing to sit this one out.
Z世代熱衷於無學位製造業應該很明顯 - 所有這些都已經在為藍領地平線拋棄舒適的空調辦公室。但是他們選擇坐下來。
That's likely because a quarter of them believe the industry doesn't offer flexibility and isn't safe, as per Soter Analytics' study—two non-negotiables for Gen Z, who value hybrid work and being cared for on the job.
這很可能是因為他們中有四分之一認為該行業沒有靈活性，並且根據Soter Analytics的研究不安全，這是Z世代的非商品，他們重視混合工作並受到工作的照顧。
The workforce's youngest generation is swapping "office siren" attire for hard hats and neon vests. But they won't be rushing to fill open seats on factory floors.
勞動力最年輕的一代正在將“辦公警笛”服裝換成硬帽和霓虹燈背心。但是他們不會急於在工廠地板上填補開放式座位。
Enrollment in vocational-focused community colleges jumped 16% last year—reaching the highest level since the National Student Clearinghouse began tracking the data in 2018. There also was a 23% surge in Gen Z studying construction trade from 2022 to 2023, and a 7% hike of participation in HVAC and vehicle repair programs. Most Americans, 78%, have seen a rising interest in trade jobs from young adults.
去年以職業社區學院的入學率增長了16％，這是自國家學生交換所開始在2018年開始跟踪數據以來的最高水平。研究Z世代從2022年至2023年進行了23％的研究，以及7％的參與HVAC(暖通空調(heating, ventilation and air conditioning，HVAC))和車輛維修計劃的增長。大多數美國人（78％）看到了年輕人對交易性工作的興趣上升。
These blue-collar careers allow Gen Z to be their own boss, have more flexibility over their hours, and still rake in six-figure salaries. The work is in high demand, and doesn't require a costly college degree, sinking many young people into debt.
這些藍領職業允許Z世代成為自己的老闆，工作時間具有更大的靈活性，並且仍然賺到六位數以上的薪水。工作需求很大，不需要昂貴的大學學位，使許多年輕人陷入債務。
But factory work faces some issues that are complete turn-offs to Gen Z.
但是工廠的工作面臨一些完全拒絕Z世代的問題。
Indeed, Manufacturing was once advertised as a stable career—padded with a pension, the industry was rife with opportunities in America's industrialized society. But today, plumbing and even waitressing present better financial opportunities (and are more dynamic) than being a functioning cog in an assembly line.
的確，製造業曾經被廣告成為穩定的職業 - 憑藉退休金，該行業充滿了美國工業化社會的機會。但是今天，與在裝配線中的運作齒輪相比，水管工甚至侍應生提供了更好的財務機會（並且更具彈性）。
Manufacturing jobs in the U.S. pay an average of about $25 per hour, or about $51,890 per year—far below the average American salary of $66,600.
美國的製造業工作平均每小時約25美元，約為每年51,890美元，低於美國平均工資66,600美元。
One reason why wages in the sector have stagnated may be chalked up to corporate suppression of factory labor unions. Workers have far less bargaining power to barter for better salaries that once made the jobs so attractive.
該行業停滯不前的工資停滯不前的原因之一可能會因公司壓制工廠工會而被粉筆。工人的議價能力要少得多，以獲取更好的薪水，這使工作變得如此吸引人。
Gen Z also don't want to be sequestered to 'boring' factory floors, when they might find more intrigue bartending or unclogging drains for better wages.
Z世代也不想被隔離為“無聊”的工廠地板，當他們可能會發現更多的吸引人的調酒或解開排水口以獲得更好的工資
The U.S. is desperate for more assembly workers and machine operators, and Americans recognize the need, with 80% believing the country would be better off if more U.S. workers were funneled into manufacturing.
美國迫切希望更多的裝配工人和機器操作員，美國人認識到這一需求，其中80％的人認為，如果更多的美國工人被駛入製造業，該國會更好。
But talk is cheap—and few are actually willing to do it themselves. The same CATO Institute poll found that only 25% of Americans think they'd be better off working in a factory.
但是談話很便宜 - 實際上很少有人願意自己做。同一家Cato Institute的民意調查發現，只有25％的美國人認為他們在工廠工作會更好。
"You're up against these huge technological changes in addition to trade and in addition to the fact that people are getting more educated," Kyle Handley, an economist at the University of California, San Diego's School of Global Policy and Strategy, told Business Insider.
聖地亞哥全球政策與戰略學院的經濟學家凱爾·漢德利（Kyle Handley）告訴《Business Insider》：“除了用技藝賺錢以及人們接受更多教育的事實，您還面對了這些巨大的技術變化。”
"The country's growing richer, and there are these other jobs in the service sector, which people have gravitated toward."
“這個國越來越富裕，服務部門中還有這麼多誘人的工作。”
The once-thriving industry is under the microscope now more than ever as President Trump's policies wreak havoc on the sector's labor supply.
現在，隨著特朗普總統的政策對該部門的勞動力供應造成嚴重破壞，這個曾經繁榮的行業比以往任何時候都更加仔細觀察。
America's manufacturing industry has long relied on immigrant workers to take on the jobs that U.S.-born citizens don't want to do. Deloitte's research found that a decline in immigration in recent years has already strained the labor supply. Now, Trump's crackdown on immigration and deportation efforts could set back the sector even more.
美國的製造業長期以來一直依靠移民工人來從事美國出生的公民不想做的工作。德勤的研究發現，近年來，移民的下降已經使勞動力供應緊張。現在，特朗普對移民和驅逐出境努力的鎮壓可能會使該行業更難恢復。
Now, the problem is reaching a boiling point as America's workforce saddles up for a big change: baby boomers exiting for retirement.
現在，問題到達沸點由於美國的勞動力座落重大變化：嬰兒潮一代退休。
This story was originally featured on Fortune.com
https://fortune.com/article/us-manufacturing-jobs-gen-z-baby-boomers-retirement-immigration/